Rotating root keys manually

You can rotate your root keysA symmetric wrapping key that is used for encrypting and decrypting other keys that are stored in a data service. on demand by using IBM Cloud® Hyper Protect Crypto Services.

When you rotate your root key, you shorten the lifetime of the key, and you limit the amount of information that is protected by that key.

To learn how key rotation helps you meet industry standards and cryptographic best practices, see Key rotation.

Rotating root keys in the UI

If you prefer to rotate your root keys by using a graphical interface, you can use the UI.

After you create or import your existing root keys into the service, complete the following steps to rotate a key:

Log in to the UI.
Go to Menu > Resource list to view a list of your resources.
From your IBM Cloud resource list, select your provisioned instance of Hyper Protect Crypto Services.
On the KMS keys page, use the Keys table to browse the keys in your service.
Select the key that you want to rotate and click the Actions icon to open a list of options for the key.
From the options menu, click Rotate key.

If you initially provided the key material for the key, specify the new base64 encoded key material that you want to store and manage in the service. Ensure that the key material meets the following requirements:
- Must be 128, 192, or 256 bits.
- The bytes of data, for example 32 bytes for 256 bits, must be encoded by using base64 encoding.
Click Rotate key to confirm.

Rotating root keys with the API

You can rotate a root key by making a POST call to the following endpoint.

https://<instance_ID>.api.<region>.hs-crypto.appdomain.cloud/api/v2/keys/<key_ID>/actions/rotate

Retrieve your service and authentication credentials to work with keys in the service.
Copy the ID of the root key that you want to rotate.

You can find the ID for a key in your service instance by retrieving a list of your keys, or by accessing the UI.

Replace the key with new key material by running the following cURL command.

curl -X POST \
  'https://<instance_ID>.api.<region>.hs-crypto.appdomain.cloud/api/v2/keys/<key_ID>/actions/rotate' \
  -H 'accept: application/vnd.ibm.kms.key_action+json' \
  -H 'authorization: Bearer <IAM_token>' \
  -H 'bluemix-instance: <instance_ID>' \
  -H "x-kms-key-ring: <key_ring_ID>" \
  -H 'content-type: application/vnd.ibm.kms.key_action+json' \
  -d '{
        "payload": "<key_material>"
      }'

Replace the variables in the example request according to the following table.

Table 2. Describes the variables needed to rotate a specified key in Hyper Protect Crypto Services
Variable	Description
`region`	Required. The region abbreviation, such as `us-south` or `au-syd`, that represents the geographic area where your Hyper Protect Crypto Services service instance resides. For more information, see Regional service endpoints.
`port`	Required. The port number of the API endpoint.
`key_ID`	Required. The unique identifier for the root key that you want to rotate.
`IAM_token`	Required. Your IBM Cloud access token. Include the full contents of the `IAM` token, including the Bearer value, in the cURL request. For more information, see Retrieving an access token.
`instance_ID`	Required. The unique identifier that is assigned to your Hyper Protect Crypto Services service instance. For more information, see Retrieving an instance ID.
`key_ring_ID`	Optional. The unique identifier of the key ring that the key belongs to. If unspecified, Hyper Protect Crypto Services will search for the key in every key ring that is associated with the specified instance. Therefore, it is suggested to specify the key ring ID for a more optimized request. Note: The key ring ID of keys that are created without an `x-kms-key-ring` header is: default. For more information, see Managing key rings.
`key_material`	Optional. The new base64 encoded key material that you want to store and manage in the service. This value is required if you initially imported the key material when you added the key to the service. To rotate a key that was initially generated by Hyper Protect Crypto Services, omit the `payload` attribute and pass an empty request entity-body. To rotate an imported key, provide a key material that meets the following requirements: The key must be 128, 192, or 256 bits. The bytes of data, for example 32 bytes for 256 bits, must be encoded by using base64 encoding.

A successful rotation request returns an HTTP 204 No Content response, which indicates that your root key was replaced by new key material.

Optional: Verify that the key was rotated by running the following call to browse the keys in your Hyper Protect Crypto Services service instance.

curl -X GET \
https://<instance_ID>.api.<region>.hs-crypto.appdomain.cloud/api/v2/keys \
-H 'accept: application/vnd.ibm.collection+json' \
-H 'authorization: Bearer <IAM_token>' \
-H 'bluemix-instance: <instance_ID>' \

Review the lastRotateDate value in the response entity-body to inspect the date and time that your key was last rotated.

{
  "metadata": {
    "collectionType": "application/vnd.ibm.kms.key+json",
    "collectionTotal": 1
  },
  "resources": [
    {
      "type": "application/vnd.ibm.kms.key+json",
      "id": "02fd6835-6001-4482-a892-13bd2085f75d",
      "name": "test-root-key",
      "state": 1,
      "extractable": false,
      "crn": "crn:v1:bluemix:public:hs-crypto:us-south:a/f047b55a3362ac06afad8a3f2f5586ea:12e8c9c2-a162-472d-b7d6-8b9a86b815a6:key:02fd6835-6001-4482-a892-13bd2085f75d",
      "imported": false,
      "creationDate": "2020-03-12T03:50:12Z",
      "createdBy": "...",
      "algorithmType": "AES",
      "algorithmMetadata": {
        "bitLength": "256",
        "mode": "CBC_PAD"
      },
      "algorithmBitSize": 256,
      "algorithmMode": "CBC_PAD",
      "lastUpdateDate": "2020-03-12T03:50:12Z",
      "lastRotateDate": "2020-03-12T03:49:01Z",
      "keyVersion": {
        "id": "2291e4ae-a14c-4af9-88f0-27c0cb2739e2",
        "creationDate": "2020-03-12T03:50:12Z"
      },
      "dualAuthDelete": {
        "enabled": false
      },
      "deleted": false
    }
  ]
}

The keyVersion attribute contains identifying information that describes the latest version of the root key.

You can also list the versions that are available for the key by using the Hyper Protect Crypto Services key management service API. To learn more, see Viewing key versions.

Using an import token to rotate a key

If you initially imported a root key by using an import token, you can rotate the key by making a POST call to the following endpoint.

https://<instance_ID>.api.<region>.hs-crypto.appdomain.cloud/api/v2/keys/<key_ID>/actions/rotate

Retrieve your authentication credentials to work with keys in the service.

To rotate a key, you must be assigned a Writer or Manager access policy for the instance or key. To learn how IAM roles map to Hyper Protect Crypto Services service actions, check out Service access roles.
Retrieve the ID of the key that you want to rotate.

You can retrieve the ID for a specified key by making a GET /v2/keys request, or by viewing your keys in the UI.
Create and retrieve an import token.
Use the import token to encrypt the key material that you want to use to rotate the existing key.

To learn how to use an import token, check out Tutorial: Creating and importing encryption keys.

Replace the existing key with new key material by running the following cURL command.

curl -X POST \
  https://<instance_ID>.api.<region>.hs-crypto.appdomain.cloud/api/v2/keys/<key_ID>/actions/rotate \
  -H 'authorization: Bearer <IAM_token>' \
  -H 'bluemix-instance: <instance_ID>' \
  -H 'accept: application/vnd.ibm.kms.key_action+json' \
  -H 'content-type: application/vnd.ibm.kms.key_action+json' \
  -d '{
  "type": "application/vnd.ibm.kms.key+json",
  "name": "<key_alias>",
  "description": "<key_description>",
  "extractable": <key_type>,
  "payload": "<encrypted_key>",
  "encryptionAlgorithm": "RSAES_OAEP_SHA_1",
  "encryptedNonce": "<encrypted_nonce>",
  "iv": "<iv>"
}'

Replace the variables in the example request according to the following table.

Table 3. Describes the variables needed to restore keys with thHyper Protect Crypto Services API
Variable	Description
`region`	Required. The region abbreviation, such as `us-south` or `au-syd`, that represents the geographic area where your Hyper Protect Crypto Services service instance resides. For more information, see Regional service endpoints.
`port`	Required. The port number of the API endpoint.
`key_ID`	Required. The unique identifier for the key that you want to rotate.
`IAM_token`	Required. Your IBM Cloud access token. Include the full contents of the `IAM` token, including the Bearer value, in the cURL request. For more information, see Retrieving an access token.
`instance_ID`	Required. The unique identifier that is assigned to your Hyper Protect Crypto Services service instance. For more information, see Retrieving an instance ID.
`key_alias`	Required. A unique, human-readable name for easy identification of your key. To protect your privacy, do not store your personal data as metadata for your key.
`key_description`	An extended description of your key. To protect your privacy, do not store your personal data as metadata for your key.
`encrypted_key`	Required. The new key material that is encrypted by the import token. The value must be base64 encoded. Ensure that the key material meets the following requirements: The key must be 128, 192, or 256 bits. The bytes of data, for example 32 bytes for 256 bits, must be encoded by using base64 encoding. To learn more, see Tutorial: Creating and importing encryption keys.
`key_type`	A boolean value that determines whether the key material can leave the service. When you set the `extractable` attribute to `false`, the service designates the key as a root key that you can use for `wrap` or `unwrap` operations.
`encrypted_nonce`	Required. The AES-GCM encrypted nonce that ensures that the bits you send as part of a request are exactly the same as what we receive. The nonce validates the key that you are restoring. To learn more, see Tutorial: Creating and importing encryption keys.
`iv`	Required. The initialization vector (IV) that is generated by the AES-GCM algorithm when you encrypt a nonce. This value is used to decode the key for storage in the Hyper Protect Crypto Services system. To learn more, see Tutorial: Creating and importing encryption keys.

A successful rotation request returns an HTTP 204 No Content response, which indicates that your root key was replaced by the new key material.

Optional: Verify that the key was rotated by retrieving details about the key.
```
curl -X GET \
https://<instance_ID>.api.<region>.hs-crypto.appdomain.cloud/api/v2/keys/<key_id>/metadata \
-H 'authorization: Bearer <IAM_token>' \
-H 'bluemix-instance: <instance_ID>'
-H 'accept: application/vnd.ibm.kms.key+json'
```
Review the lastRotateDate and keyVersion values in the response entity-body to inspect the date and time that your key was last rotated.

You can also list the versions that are available for the key by using the Hyper Protect Crypto Services API. To learn more, see Viewing key versions.

What's next

After you rotate a root key, new cryptographic key material becomes available for protecting the data encryption keys (DEKs) that are associated with the root key. Learn how to reencrypt or rewrap your DEKS without exposing the keys in their plain text form, see Rewrapping keys.
To learn how envelope encryption helps you control the security of at-rest data in the cloud, see Protecting data with envelope encryption.
To find out more about programmatically managing your keys, check out the Hyper Protect Crypto Services key management service API reference doc.